5. Segment reporting

In accordance with IAS 14 (Segment Reporting), separate breakdowns of certain data reported in the consolidated financial statements are given by business segment and geographical region. The segments and regions are the same as those used for internal reporting.

As of December 31, 2008 the Bayer Group comprised three subgroups with operations subdivided into strategic business entities known as divisions (HealthCare) or business units (CropScience and MaterialScience). Their activities are aggregated into the six reporting segments listed below according to economic characteristics, products, production processes, customer relationships and methods of distribution.

The segments’ activities are as follows:

Subgroup/Segment	Activities
HealthCare
Pharmaceuticals	Development, production and marketing of prescription pharmaceuticals, such as for the treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, cancer and multiple sclerosis, and for contraception.
Consumer Health	Development, production and marketing of over-the-counter medications, diagnostic products, nutritional supplements for humans and animals, veterinary medicines and animal grooming products.
CropScience
Crop Protection	Development, production and marketing of a comprehensive portfolio of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and seed treatment products to meet a wide range of regional requirements.
Environmental Science/ BioScience	Development, production and marketing of a wide range of products for the green industry, garden care, non-agricultural pest and weed control, plant biotechnology and conventional seeds.
MaterialScience
Materials	Development, production and marketing of high-quality plastics granules, sheet and film.
Systems	Development, production and marketing of polyurethanes for a wide variety of applications and of coating and adhesive raw materials; production and marketing of inorganic basic chemicals.

The segment table presents continuing operations only. Details of the discontinued operations are given in Note [6.3].

The reconciliation eliminates intersegment and interregional sales and reflects income, expenses, assets and liabilities not allocable to segments. These include in particular the Corporate Center and the service companies.

The segment data are calculated as follows:

The intersegment sales reflect intragroup transactions effected at transfer prices fixed on an arm’s-length basis.
The gross cash flow comprises income from continuing operations after taxes, plus income taxes, plus / minus non-operating result, minus income taxes paid or accrued, plus depreciation, amortization and write-downs, minus write-backs, plus / minus changes in pension provisions, minus gains / plus losses on retirements of noncurrent assets, plus non-cash effects of the remeasurement of acquired assets. The change in pension provisions includes the elimination of non-cash components of the operating result (EBIT). It also contains benefit payments during the year.
The net cash flow is the cash flow from operating activities as defined in IAS 7 (Cash Flow Statements).
The capital invested comprises all assets serving the respective segment that are required to yield a return on their cost of acquisition. Noncurrent assets are included at cost of acquisition or construction throughout their useful lives because the calculation of cash flow return on investment (CFRoI) requires that depreciation and amortization be excluded. Interest-free liabilities are deducted. The capital invested is stated as of December 31 of the respective year.
The CFRoI is the ratio of the gross cash flow to the average capital invested for the year and is thus a measure of the return on capital employed.
The equity items reflect the earnings and carrying amounts of companies recognized at equity (associates). They are allocated to the segments.
Since financial management of Group companies is carried out centrally by Bayer AG, financial liabilities are not allocated directly to the respective segments. Consequently, the liabilities shown for the individual segments do not include financial liabilities.
The number of employees is reported as full-time equivalents, with part-time employees included in proportion to their contractual working hours.

The table shows the regional breakdown of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment:

	2007	2008
	€ million	€ million
Germany	17,504	16,896
United States	4,916	5,466
Finland	2,040	1,903
China	1,269	1,902
France	1,296	1,243
Switzerland	1,130	917
Other	3,434	3,763
Total	31,589	32,090